Dialysis as a biochemical procedure

In biochemistry, dialysis is the process of separatingmolecules in solution by the difference in their rates ofdiffusion through a semipermeable membrane, such as dialysis tubing.^[1]

Dialysis is a common laboratory technique that operates on the same principle as medical dialysis. In the context of life science research, the most common application of dialysis is for the removal of unwanted small molecules such as salts, reducing agents, or dyes from larger macromolecules such asproteins, DNA, or polysaccharides.^[2] Dialysis is also commonly used for buffer exchange and drug binding studies.

In medicine, dialysis (from Greekdialusis,"διάλυσις", meaning dissolution, dia, meaning through, and lysis, meaning loosening or splitting) is a process for removing waste and excess water from the blood and is used primarily as an artificial replacementfor lost kidney function in people with kidney failure.^[1] 

Dialysis may be used for those with an acute disturbance in kidney function (acute kidney injury, previously acute renal failure) or progressive but chronically worsening kidney function—a state known as chronic kidney disease stage 5 (previously chronic renal failure or end-stage renal disease). The latter form may develop over months or years, but in contrast to acute kidney injury is not usually reversible and dialysis is regarded as a "holding measure" until a kidney transplant can be performed or sometimes as the only supportive measure in those for whom a transplant would be inappropriate.^[2]

The kidneys have important roles in maintaining health. When healthy, the kidneys maintain the body's internal equilibrium of water and minerals (sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfate). The acidic metabolism end-products that the body cannot get rid of via respiration are also excreted through the kidneys. The kidneys also function as a part of the endocrine system, producing erythropoietin andcalcitriol. Erythropoietin is involved in the production of red blood cells and calcitriol plays a role in bone formation.^[3]Dialysis is an imperfect treatment to replace kidney function because it does not correct the compromised endocrine functions of the kidney. Dialysis treatments replace some of these functions through diffusion (waste removal) and ultrafiltration (fluid removal).^[4]

Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialysis